Artificial Bee Colony algorithm in estimating kinetic parameters for yeast fermentation pathway

Analyzing metabolic pathways in systems biology requires accurate kinetic parameters that represent the simulated in vivo processes. Simulation of the fermentation pathway in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetic model help saves much time in the optimization process. Fitting the simulated model into the experimental data is categorized under the parameter estimation problem. Parameter estimation is conducted to obtain the optimal values for parameters related to the fermentation process. This step is essential because insufficient identification of model parameters can cause erroneous conclusions. The kinetic parameters cannot be measured directly. Therefore, they must be estimated from the experimental data either in vitro or in vivo. Parameter estimation is a challenging task in the biological process due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the model. Therefore, we propose the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) to estimate the parameters in the fermentation pathway of S. cerevisiae to obtain more accurate values. A metabolite with a total of six parameters is involved in this article. The experimental results show that ABC outperforms other estimation algorithms and gives more accurate kinetic parameter values for the simulated model. Most of the estimated kinetic parameter values obtained from the proposed algorithm are the closest to the experimental data

Factors that affect the performance of public project in Malaysia

Public project is covers most of the infrastructure and facilities needs such as schools, hospitals, administration offices, religious buildings and many more. This paper based on study that has been conducted which involves types of public project and problems of handling public project. This study also focused on factors that affect the performance of public project in Malaysia. To achieve the objective of this study, 140 sets of questionnaire have been sending to twenty (20) companies and eight (8) Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) main branches around Malaysia. Average Index (AT) method have been use to analyze data that has been collected. It was found that, there are eleven (11) types of public project and the highest occurrence is public facilities project. Nevertheless, there are twelve (12) problems of handling public project in Malaysia and the highest frequency of occurrence is social issues. There are four factors that affect the performance of public project in Malaysia which are cost, time, quality and safety and health and the critical factor that affects the performance of public project is cost. Future study can be done about how to control the problems of handling public project in Malaysia which is can affect the performance of public project, how these four (4) factors which are cost, time, quality, and safety and health will affect the performance of public project, and how to control the factors that affect the performance of public project